Experts have found that zinc can help with visual memory, working memory, attention and reaction time amongst older adults. Gingko biloba has been shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory that increases antioxidant activity, lowers oxidative stress and improves circulation – all important factors for maintaining cognitive health.

Gingko biloba appears to be beneficial for eye health since it improves blood flow to the eyes. As an antioxidant it also helps fight free radical damage that can harm the tissues of the eye, including the retina. Some studies have found gingko to be effective at lowering the risk for age-related macular degeneration. Circulation factors and oxidative damage are thought to be two primary causes of vision loss and other age-related eye disorders.

Physical activity, emotional stress, boredom and a lack of sleep can all cause low energy and motivation. However ginseng has been shown to reduce fatigue and enhance performance.

The nutrients phosphotidylserine and phosphotidylcholine are vital for the efficient functioning of cells, as they form the structure of cell membranes. The cell membrane allows nutrients to move into the cell and toxic waste to be pumped out. A build-up of toxic waste in brain cells has been linked with mental decline.

Ginkgo biloba may help reduce the amount of pain associated with headaches and migraines and may also make them less frequent. Certain studies showed that gingko reduced the severity of headaches in schoolchildren with the same success as paracetamol.